Betula alleghaniensis

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Deciduous hardwood tree; slow growing; 40-60ft tall on average, but can occasionally reach up to 100ft
Monoecious—both male and female catkins form on the same tree; male catkins form in summer, last through winter, and release pollen in spring; female catkins form in autumn; leaves becomes bright yellow in fall
When crushed, its golden-yellow bark releases a pleasant wintergreen-like aromatic scent; porcupines, moose, deer, rabbits, and beaver eat the bark, especially in winter
Seeds are sought after by birds including ruffed grouse, common redpoll, pine siskin, chickadees, etc.; sap eaten by squirrels and yellow-bellied sapsuckers
Host plant to many moths and butterflies including the Mourning Cloak, Compton Tortoiseshell, Birch Dagger Moth, Chocolate Prominent, and Brown Shaded Carpet; other insects that feed on various parts of Birch include lace bugs, catkin bugs, boring beetles, long-horned beetles, leaf beetles, and more

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Deciduous hardwood tree; slow growing; 40-60ft tall on average, but can occasionally reach up to 100ft
Monoecious—both male and female catkins form on the same tree; male catkins form in summer, last through winter, and release pollen in spring; female catkins form in autumn; leaves becomes bright yellow in fall
When crushed, its golden-yellow bark releases a pleasant wintergreen-like aromatic scent; porcupines, moose, deer, rabbits, and beaver eat the bark, especially in winter
Seeds are sought after by birds including ruffed grouse, common redpoll, pine siskin, chickadees, etc.; sap eaten by squirrels and yellow-bellied sapsuckers
Host plant to many moths and butterflies including the Mourning Cloak, Compton Tortoiseshell, Birch Dagger Moth, Chocolate Prominent, and Brown Shaded Carpet; other insects that feed on various parts of Birch include lace bugs, catkin bugs, boring beetles, long-horned beetles, leaf beetles, and more

Details

Yellow, Green, Brown
Early to mid Spring
40-60ft on average, but if conditions are ideal, can reach up to 100ft
On average live about 150 years; in rare, optimal cases, can live up to 300 years
Medium, Wet
Partial, Shade
Mourning Cloak
Compton Tortoiseshell
Birch Dagger Moth
Chocolate Prominent
Brown Shaded Carpet
FAC - occurs in wetlands and non-wetlands
120+ days of cold stratification; best to plant outside in the fall; seeds require scarification; seeds require light for germination; also recommended to protect seeds from squirrels, birds, etc